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History
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| Copyright: Tourist Board Dubrovnik |
Foundation of the town of Dubrovnik is associated with the fall of the nearby Epidaurum (today's Cavtat) around the year 700th during the Avaro-Slavic invasion on Dalmatia. They established their settlement at the island and named it Laus. Opposite of that location, at the foot of Srd Mountain, Slavs developed their own settlement under the name of Dubrovnik (named by "Dub" - type of wood). The settlements were separated by a channel which was filled in 12th century, present Placa or Stradun, and since then the two settlements have been united.
In 12th century, the town built its walls and became urban centre. With its witty and diplomatic measures, Dubrovnik managed to break hard rule of the Venetian Republic. By the peace Treaty of Zadar in the 14th century the Dubrovnik Republic was founded. Throughout the history the Republic was invaded by various empires, mostly the Turks, what made it an important maritime and commercial center. In the 15th and 16th century Dubrovnik experienced a boom and remained self-government Republic whose navy with 300 large ships and 5000 sailors was third in the world. Type of a Dubrovnik ship was a model to many maritime countries. In this period the last wooden houses in the city disappear, a sewage, water, public buildings, school buildings and rich libraries are built.
The Renaissance Dubrovnik became a center of cultural life and the cradle of Croatian literature. Many famous people came from Dubrovnik, like writers Marina Drzic, Ivan Gundulic and Junije Palmotić, but also a great astronomer, philosopher and physicist above Rudjer Boskovic.
Its last days of freedom, Dubrovnik experienced in the 19th century when Napoleon's army occupied the city and by The Treaty of Vienna (the Peace of Vienna) annexed the rest of Dalmatia.
Today, the entire town is a monument to past times. The most distinguishing are town walls, 2km long, 1.5m thick and up to almost 6 meters high. In some places its height reaches up to 25m. From the numerous towers the most monumental is the tower Minceta, a work of Jurje Dalmatinac from 15th century.
